{"id":894,"date":"2023-03-31T15:39:23","date_gmt":"2023-03-31T08:39:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bilaw.vn\/?p=894"},"modified":"2023-05-19T17:40:27","modified_gmt":"2023-05-19T10:40:27","slug":"sa-thai-hang-loat-gioi-han-nao-cho-nguoi-su-dung-lao-dong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilaw.vn\/?p=894","title":{"rendered":"Sa th\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng sa th\u1ea3i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u201c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7\u201d m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00f3ng h\u1ed5i tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh sa th\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 Meta, c\u00f4ng ty m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Facebook, \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m h\u01a1n 13% nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, t\u1ee9c h\u01a1n 11.000 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 Twitter, ngay sau s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ef7 ph\u00fa Elon Musk, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda trong s\u1ed1 7.500 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb sa th\u1ea3i. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Amazon, h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi con s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 10.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t, thua l\u1ed7, c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0a ra khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sa th\u1ea3i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sa th\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean b\u00e0n c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd, sau m\u1ed7i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao b\u1ecb ki\u1ec7n t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng do h\u00e0nh vi sa th\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sa th\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Hoa K\u1ef3<\/strong><\/h2>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u201cat-will\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do giao k\u1ebft th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 (ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Montana).<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (\u201cNL\u0110<\/strong>\u201d) l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u201cat-will\u201d. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u201cat-will\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (\u201cNSDL\u0110<\/strong>\u201d) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (\u201cH\u0110L\u0110<\/strong>\u201d) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a NL\u0110 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1eddi gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c,\u2026). Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, NSDL\u0110 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t H\u0110L\u0110 v\u1edbi NL\u0110 \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o v\u00e0 v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, v.v\u2026 Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, NSDL\u0110 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c sa th\u1ea3i NL\u0110 (l\u01b0u \u00fd, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201csa th\u1ea3i\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u201claid off\u201d \u2013 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t H\u0110L\u0110 kh\u00f4ng do l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a NL\u0110 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sa th\u1ea3i v\u00ec NL\u0110 vi ph\u1ea1m k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng).<\/p>\n

V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (\u201c\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt WARN<\/strong>\u201d) l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt li\u00ean bang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 NL\u0110 kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t. V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt WARN s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p NSDL\u0110 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh sa th\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t (NSDL\u0110 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb 100 NL\u0110 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c to\u00e0n th\u1eddi gian tr\u1edf l\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng NL\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1edbi 06 th\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trung b\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi 20 gi\u1edd\/tu\u1ea7n). Sa th\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 50 NL\u0110 b\u1ecb sa th\u1ea3i trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 30 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 NL\u0110 b\u1ecb sa th\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfm \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 1\/3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a NSDL\u0110; ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 500 NL\u0110 (kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfm \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 1\/3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng) b\u1ecb sa th\u1ea3i trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 30 ng\u00e0y; ho\u1eb7c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 50 NL\u0110 b\u1ecb cho ngh\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 30 ng\u00e0y. Theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt WARN, NSDL\u0110 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho NL\u0110 60 ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh sa th\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t[1]. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, NSDL\u0110 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho Trung t\u00e2m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 NL\u0110 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng NL\u0110 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc theo \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt WARN c\u1ee7a li\u00ean bang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a trong lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ti\u1ec3u bang. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Twitter, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Hoa K\u1ef3 cho ph\u00e9p lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang California (n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a Twitter) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Theo \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ecdi doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 t\u1eeb 75 NL\u0110 tr\u1edf l\u00ean, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sa th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb 50 NL\u0110 tr\u1edf l\u00ean trong v\u00f2ng 03 ng\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho NL\u0110 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 60 ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c sa th\u1ea3i[2].<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu vi ph\u1ea1m ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, NSDL\u0110 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 cho NL\u0110 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 NL\u0110 \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng (back pay) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 NSDL\u0110 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc (t\u1ed1i \u0111a 60 ng\u00e0y)[3]. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, NSDL\u0110 vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 500 USD cho m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i NL\u0110[4].<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Twitter, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo d\u1ea1ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u201cat-will\u201d. Elon Musk, \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Twitter, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n sa th\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean n\u00e0o, v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o, v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00ed do g\u00ec, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i hay \u1edf l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do m\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. \u0110\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Elon Musk v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m Twitter v\u00e0 NL\u0110 \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00fat k\u00fd v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n H\u0110L\u0110 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n at-will.<\/p>\n

Tuy v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt WARN, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh sa th\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Twitter c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc 60 ng\u00e0y cho NL\u0110. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Twitter cho r\u1eb1ng Twitter \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu Twitter th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng theo \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt WARN l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu.<\/p>\n

Sa th\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2013 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec r\u1ee7i ro ph\u00e1p l\u00fd kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201csa th\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t\u201d kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ra hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 NSDL\u0110 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t H\u0110L\u0110 v\u1edbi NL\u0110, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 NSDL\u0110 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t H\u0110L\u0110, v\u00e0 hai l\u00e0 NSDL\u0110 x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (\u201cXLKLL\u0110<\/strong>\u201d) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi NL\u0110 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sa th\u1ea3i[5]. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201csa th\u1ea3i\u201d ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1eed l\u00fd vi ph\u1ea1m k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng NL\u0110, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t H\u0110L\u0110 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi NL\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p doanh nghi\u1ec7p thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p NSDL\u0110 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t H\u0110L\u0110 v\u1edbi NL\u0110, NSDL\u0110 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t li\u1ec7u r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt cho ph\u00e9p hay kh\u00f4ng. L\u00fd do ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a NL\u0110, nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, t\u1ef1 \u00fd b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ph\u00eda NSDL\u0110, nh\u01b0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7[6]. NSDL\u0110 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho NL\u0110, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 03 ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn 45 ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch t\u00f9y v\u00e0o t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i H\u0110L\u0110 (tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7). Vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho NL\u0110 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 NL\u0110 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hay t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00e0ng kh\u1eaft khe h\u01a1n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sa th\u1ea3i NL\u0110. NSDL\u0110 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c XLKLL\u0110 cao nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi NL\u0110 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a NL\u0110 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i quy lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (\u201cNQL\u0110<\/strong>\u201d) c\u1ee7a NSDL\u0110 (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ban h\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7)[7]. NSDL\u0110 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, NQL\u0110 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3); vi\u1ec7c XLKLL\u0110 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd; cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp XLKLL\u0110 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n NL\u0110 t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e0 NL\u0110 \u0111ang b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean; ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n XLKLL\u0110 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n giao k\u1ebft H\u0110L\u0110 b\u00ean ph\u00eda NSDL\u0110 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong NQL\u0110. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u1ebfu NL\u0110 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, NSDL\u0110 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t H\u0110L\u0110 hay sa th\u1ea3i[8].<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ph\u00eda NSDL\u0110 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p khi NSDL\u0110 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: l\u00fd do ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t H\u0110L\u0110 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo quy tr\u00ecnh, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu \u0111i m\u1ed9t trong hai \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t H\u0110L\u0110 ho\u1eb7c sa th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a NSDL\u0110 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb c\u01a1 quan gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p xem l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, NSDL\u0110 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn NL\u0110 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo H\u0110L\u0110 \u0111\u00e3 giao k\u1ebft (n\u1ebfu H\u0110L\u0110 c\u00f2n th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n), tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c cho NL\u0110 trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y NL\u0110 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c; tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 th\u00eam cho NL\u0110 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng 02 th\u00e1ng ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng theo H\u0110L\u0110[9].<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, vi\u1ec7c ra \u0111i c\u1ee7a ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n ra trong v\u00f2ng \u201cv\u00e0i n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c\u201d. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam khi m\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eaft khe h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sa th\u1ea3i hay \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t H\u0110L\u0110 v\u1edbi NL\u0110. Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u00ean s\u00e1ch v\u1edf. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p cao, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eb1m thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c NL\u0110 k\u00fd k\u1ebft th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t H\u0110L\u0110 v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 NL\u0110 \u201cra \u0111i trong \u00eam \u0111\u1eb9p\u201d c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 NSDL\u0110 \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t H\u0110L\u0110 v\u1edbi NL\u0110. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, NSDL\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u NL\u0110 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ea7u t\u00f2a hay b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n

[1]\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u 20, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V, \u0110i\u1ec1u 639.1 \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt WARN<\/p>\n

[2]\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u 1401 (a), 1400 (a), (d) Lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng California<\/p>\n

[3]\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u 2104 (a), \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt WARN<\/p>\n

[4]\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u 1402 (a), (b), \u0110i\u1ec1u 1403 of Lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng California<\/p>\n

[5]\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u 124.4, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng 2019<\/p>\n

[6]\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u 36.1, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng 2019<\/p>\n

[7]\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u 125, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng 2019<\/p>\n

[8]\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u 37, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng 2019<\/p>\n

[9]\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u 41.1, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng 2019<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng sa th\u1ea3i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u201c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7\u201d m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00f3ng h\u1ed5i tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh sa th\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. 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